UI elements and interaction

Source: https://developers.google.com/style/ui-elements

Focus on the task

When practical, state instructions in terms of what the reader should accomplish, rather than focusing on the widgets and gestures. By avoiding reference to UI elements, you help the reader understand the purpose of an instruction, and it can help future-proof procedures.

✅ Recommended: Refresh the page.
✅ Recommended: Expand the Advanced options section.

However, know the audience and understand the context. In some cases, the point of a procedure is to guide the reader through elements on the page. Or the UI might not be obvious, and it’s helpful to explain the gestures for completing a step. Provide the level of detail that seems useful for the intended audience.

✅ Recommended: Click Refresh.
✅ Recommended: To expand the Advanced options section, click the ▶️ expander arrow.

The rest of this page focuses on scenarios where you’ve decided it’s useful to explicitly discuss UI elements.

For information about writing procedures, see Procedures.

Format names of UI elements

When referring to any UI element by name, put its name in bold, using the b element in HTML or ** in Markdown. This includes names for buttons, menus, dialogs, windows, list items, or any other feature on the page that has a visible name. Don’t use code font for UI elements, unless it’s an element that meets the requirements for code font. In that case, use both code font and bold.

[!NOTE] Note: The reason for using the b element is that in modern HTML, b connotes text to which you want to draw visual attention, whereas the strong element indicates strong importance.

Don’t make an official feature name or product name bold, except when it directly refers to an element on the page that uses the name (such as a window title or button name).

✅ Recommended: In the New project window, select the New activity checkbox, and then click Next.
❌ Not recommended: In the New Project window, select “New Activity”, and then click the “Next” button.

Use appropriate capitalization

In most cases, follow the capitalization as it appears on the page. However, if labels are inconsistent or they’re all uppercase, use sentence case.

Guidance	Recommended	Not recommended
When a label is all uppercase, use sentence case.	Click 🔄️ Refresh.	Click REFRESH.
When referring to multiple labels that are inconsistently cased, use sentence case for all of the labels.	Click New project, and then click New activity.	Click NEW PROJECT, and then click New Activity.

Refer to UI elements

Don’t use UI elements as if they were English verbs or nouns.

Recommended	Not recommended
In the Name field, enter an account name.	Name the account.
To save the settings, click Save.	Save the settings.
In the Service account ID field, enter a name. For Service account ID, enter a name.	Specify a Service account ID.

Terminology and usage

A user interface can contain a variety of UI elements. In general, focus on the feature and its functionality, not the UI element. If you think it adds clarity for the reader, use the name of the UI element. For example, both of the following sentences are valid:

✅ Recommended: Go to File> Tools.
✅ Recommended: In the File menu, click Tools.

Don’t use slang terms for UI elements—for example, hamburger icon or zippy. For more information, see Buttons and icons.

✅ Recommended: To expand the Advanced options section, click the expander arrow.
✅ Recommended: Expand Advanced options.
❌ Not recommended: To expand the Advanced options section, click the zippy.

The following sections define some terms to use when referring to UI elements.

For prepositions to use with these elements, see the Prepositions table.

Windows, pages, dialogs, panes, and sections

Most often, a window is the entire application window in a desktop environment. However, it can also refer to modular application elements that you can open and close. For example, in Android Studio, several windows are available in the View> Tool Windows menu.

✅ Recommended: In the MyApp window, click Edit.
❌ Not recommended: In the MyApp page, click Edit.

Page is the preferred term when referring to a web page in general and to a subpage of a console in particular. For more information, see console.

✅ Recommended: In the Google Cloud console, go to the Deployments page.
❌ Not recommended: In the Google Cloud console, go to the Deployments window.

A dialog is a smaller window that is usually detached from the main application window and appears in front of the window.

✅ Recommended: In the Welcome dialog, click OK.
❌ Not recommended: In the Welcome pop-up window, click OK.

A pane (or panel) is typically a distinct rectangular region within a larger browser or application window. A pane or panel can often be tightly coupled to surrounding UI regions, whereas a window is distinctly separate and can be hidden. Do not use terms such as window, section, area, or column to refer to a pane or panel.

✅ Recommended: In the Create service account pane, click New.
❌ Not recommended: In the Create service account section, click New.

A section is a labeled grouping of options and controls, usually within a window, pane, or panel. Do not use terms such as area or column to refer to a section.

✅ Recommended: In the Create metric pane, do the following:
In the Metric type section, select Counter.
In the Labels section, click Add label.

Menus and menu bars

In a desktop application, the menu bar appears at the top of the window or at the top of the screen; it’s a set of menus (such as File or Edit), each of which is a set of related commands and/or nested submenus.

To refer to an item in a menu, use the term command, not choice, menu item, or option. Exception: if you’re documenting how to build an interface, you can use menu item.

To refer to a menu, use the form *the LABEL*NAME menu._

To tell the reader where to find a command in a menu or submenu, use a phrase like In the File menu, select Open.

Don’t use drop-down as a synonym for menu. See drop-down.

Use angle brackets

Another option is to use angle brackets (>). If you use angle brackets, follow these guidelines:

Put a nonbreaking space ( ) before each angle bracket.
Don’t bold each menu name separately; instead, enclose the entire sequence in a single bold tag (<b>...</b> or **...**).
Wrap the angle bracket with a span tag and add an aria-label attribute with and then text (for example, <span aria-label="and then">></span>). Otherwise, some screen readers might read > as “greater than.”

In the following example, the text renders as Select View > Tools > Developer Tools. A screen reader interprets this as Select View and then Tools and then Developer Tools.

(TODO: tabs)

This notation is useful for abbreviating a longer phrase like In the File menu, select Open. However, this notation applies only to menu items. Don’t use it to describe a combination of different UI elements.

✅ Recommended: Select MyApp> Preferences, and then select the Languages preference pane.
❌ Not recommended: Select MyApp > Preferences > Languages > + > CSS.

Buttons and icons

A button initiates an action when clicked (or tapped, in the case of a touchscreen). To refer to a button, use the button’s label.

✅ Recommended: Click OK.
❌ Not recommended: Click the “OK” button.

An icon is a symbol or image that represents an object or a function. An icon can be a button as well. If the button includes an icon, write the name of the button as shown in the tooltip, and add the button icon before the name. If you need to use a space between the icon and the name for readability, use a nonbreaking space.

✅ Recommended: Click Settings and utilities.
❌ Not recommended: Click .

If the icon tooltip is identical to the name of the icon, use an empty alt attribute.

If you’re unsure of the name of the icon, inspect the element using browser tools. In many cases, a visual element like an icon has an ARIA attribute that provides a textual description of the element for use by screen readers. To inspect an element, right-click the element and select Inspect or Inspect element, depending on your browser. Look for one of the following types of labels: aria-labelledby, aria-label, aria-describedby, label, placeholder, or title. For more information, see Using aria-label and Accessible Name and Description calculation.

If a button with an icon doesn’t include a tooltip, submit a bug report requesting that a tooltip be added. Tooltips are crucial for accessibility, and for documentation and discoverability in general.

✅ Recommended: Click Add.
❌ Not recommended: Click the icon.

If a UI element name ends with an ellipsis (…), leave out the ellipsis.

✅ Recommended: Click Browse.
❌ Not recommended: Click Browse….

Don’t use directional language to orient the reader, such as above, below, or right-hand side. Phrases like those don’t work well for accessibility or for localization. If a UI element is hard to find, provide a screenshot.

✅ Recommended: Click ☰ Menu.
❌ Not recommended: In the left-side panel, click the button with three lines.

Difficult-to-find UI elements

If you have UI elements that are difficult to find, consider one of the following options as an alternative to using directional language, which can be problematic for accessibility and localization reasons.

Use the button icon along with its name as shown in the button tooltip.
- ✅ Recommended: Click 🔄️ Refresh.
Add context to help the user find the element.
- ✅ Recommended: On the Cloud Run toolbar, click 🔄️ Refresh.
Use a screenshot.
- ✅ Recommended: In the list of services, click Column display options.
  
  For more information about when and how to use screenshots, see Diagrams, figures, and other images.

Tab

A tab is a navigation element that looks like a file tab. To refer to a tab, use the form *the LABEL*NAME tab_.

✅ Recommended: Select Tools> Options, and then click the Edit tab.

Text box

A text box is a box that the user can type in. Use box and the form *the LABEL*NAME box_. Format the text that the user types by using the code element in HTML, or by using code formatting (monospace) in other markup.

✅ Recommended: In the Owner box, enter your name.
✅ Recommended: In the Name box, enter wsfc-1.

In Google Cloud, use field instead of box.

In Google Workspace documentation, use field instead of box.

✅ Recommended: In the Instance field, specify a value less than 64 characters long.

List box, combo box, and spin box

A list box is a box that offers the user a list of items. To refer to a list box, use the form the LABEL*NAME list or the LABEL*NAME box, whichever is clearer.

✅ Recommended: In the Item list, select Desktop.

A combo box is a combination of a text box and a list box. To refer to a combo box, use the form the LABEL*NAME box. To refer to entering a value into a combo box, use the verbs type or select or *enter_.

✅ Recommended: In the Font box, type or select the font that you want to use.

A spin box is a box that lets the user choose a value by clicking arrows or by typing. To refer to a spin box, use the form the LABEL*NAME box. To refer to entering a value into a spin box, use the verb *enter_.

✅ Recommended: In the Font Size box, enter a font size.

Checkbox

A checkbox is a small box that indicates whether an option is on or off. To refer to a checkbox, use the form *the LABEL*NAME checkbox_.

Be wary of using the verbs check and uncheck, which can be ambiguous; it’s often best to use select and clear instead.

✅ Recommended: Select the Automatically check for updates checkbox.
✅ Recommended: Clear the Bookmarks checkbox.

If you need to refer to the state of the checkbox, it’s often best to refer to it as selected or not selected.

✅ Recommended: Make sure that the Bookmarks checkbox is selected.
✅ Recommended: Make sure that the Bookmarks checkbox isn’t selected.

Radio button

A radio button is a small button used to choose one item from a group of mutually exclusive options. To refer to a radio button, use the radio button’s label, or refer to the group of buttons by its label.

✅ Recommended: Select Do not remember passwords.
✅ Recommended: For Startup mode, select an option.

Expander arrow

An expander arrow is the UI element used to expand or collapse a section of navigation or content. Avoid referring to these explicitly in documentation, but when you do, use the terms expander arrow and expandable section rather than terms like expando or zippy.

✅ Recommended: To expand the Advanced options section, click the expander arrow.
❌ Not recommended: To expand the Advanced options section, click the zippy.

Toggle

A toggle is the UI element that switches back and forth between on and off states. Don’t use the word toggle as a verb. Describe the action that you want the user to take.

✅ Recommended: To turn on the setting, click the Wi-Fi toggle.

In some cases, you might not know what state the toggle is in before the user interacts with it so be clear what position the toggle should be in.

✅ Recommended: In Settings, click the Magic mode toggle to the on position.

Press and type keyboard keys

To indicate that the user should press a given keyboard key or combination, use the kbd element.

The following is an example of a <kbd> tag:

✅ Recommended: Press <kbd>Control+C</kbd>.

When rendered, the text appears as follows:

✅ Recommended: Press Control+C.

If you’re working with non-HTML markup, use monospace formatting, which is how the kbd element renders.

To refer to a letter key, use uppercase instead of lowercase.

✅ Recommended: To save, press Control+S.
❌ Not recommended: To save, press Control+s.

To refer to a key that the user types to enter that key’s value as text input, use the code element, not the kbd element. For more information, see Code font.

To refer to a keyboard key, use the key’s name. If that’s ambiguous, use the form *the KEY*NAME key_.

✅ Recommended: Press Esc.
✅ Recommended: Press the Esc key.

Spell out the names of modifier keys such as Command, Control, Option, and Shift. Don’t use symbols for those keys. To refer to a key combination, use the form *MODIFIER+KEY*NAME_.

✅ Recommended: Press Control+V.

When you provide shortcuts for multiple operating systems, put the macOS shortcut in parentheses after the Windows and Linux shortcut.

✅ Recommended: To copy, press Control+C (or Command+C on macOS).
❌ Not recommended: To copy, press Ctrl+C (⌘+C).

To refer to a key or combination that uses the Shift key, use the form *MODIFIER+Shift+KEY*NAME_.

✅ Recommended: Press Control+Shift+?.

Spell out the names of characters that could be confusing in a keyboard shortcut, such as comma, hyphen, period, and plus.

To refer to a keyboard shortcut, use either keyboard shortcut or key combination.

To refer to pressing a key or combination to cause an action to occur, use the verb press. To refer to typing a key or combination as part of text, use the verbs enter or type.

Prepositions

When documenting the UI, use the following prepositions.

Preposition	UI element	Recommended
in	dialogs fields lists menus panes windows	In the Alert dialog, click OK. In the Name field, enter `wsfc-1`. In the Item list, select Desktop. In the File menu, click Tools. In the Metrics pane, click New. In the Task window, click Start.
on	pages tabs toolbars	On the Create an instance page, click Add. On the Edit tab, click Save. On the Dashboard toolbar, click Edit.

Verbs in procedures

To describe an action on the page, use the following verbs. For more information about each verb, see its corresponding entry on the word list.